by A. Kallianiotis, K. Sophronidis, P. Vidoris & A. Adamidou
In the
62 hauls effected in the north Aegean Sea during Medits-GR99 survey, 177 species were recognized until today.
From these, there were recognized 126 species of fishes, 25 species of
cephalopods and 26 species of crustaceans.
The most
abundant species (in kg) in the northern Aegean Sea were: Sardina pilchardus,
Micromesistius poutassou, Engraulis
encrasicolus, Merluccius merluccius,
Illex coindetii, Argentina sphyraena, Raja
clavata, Lepidopus caudatus, Parapenaeus longirostris, Scyliorhinus canicula, Lophius budegassa, Trisopterus minutus capelanus, Spicara
flexuosa, Lophius piscatorius, and Mullus barbatus.
A more detailed analysis of the results concerning the target species is
given below.
Aspitrigla cuculus
This
species was present at depths from 50 to 500 m with the maximum occurrence
at 100-200 m (3.5 kg/kmē). The overall biomass (1.1 kg/kmē) and density
index (90 N/kmē) were generally low.
Citharus linguatula
This
species was present at depths from 10 to 500 m with the maximum occurrence
at 10-50 m. The overall biomass (9.2 kg/kmē) and density index (353 N/kmē)
are higher than these of Medits98
(5.4 kg/kmē and 182 N/kmē respectively). The maximum length of
individuals was 25 cm, whereas the minimum 8 cm. Male individuals
were 51.12% of the total catches, females were 34.31%, while the rest 14.57%
were immature individuals.
Eutrigla gurnardus
In
general a small total biomass index (1 kg/kmē) - higher than last year (0.2
kg/kmē) - and a low-density index (50 N/kmē) was found for this species. It was
present only at depths ranging from 50-200 m, while it is not fished at
greater depths. The minimum length of individuals was 9 cm whereas the
maximum 20 cm. Male individuals were the 36.36% of the total catches;
females were 34.54%, while the rest 29.09% were immature ones.
Galeus melastomus
This
species was present at the slope, at depths from 200 to 800 m, almost
equally distributed at the zone 200-500 and 500-800 m. The overall biomass
and density index were respectively 3.8 kg/kmē and 37 N/kmē.
Helicolenus dactylopterus
It was
absent in depths less than 100 m and appeared mainly in greater depths,
with an overall biomass index of 3.2 kg/kmē and density index of 20 N/kmē. Last
year the total biomass index was lower (1.9 kg/kmē). The maximum presence has
been recorded at the slope (6.1 kg/kmē). Male individuals were the 39.24% of
the total catches; females were the 35.44%, while the rest 25.32% were immature
ones. The maximum length of individuals was 31 cm and the minimum
5 cm.
Lepidorhombus boscii
It was
mainly found in depths greater than 100 m, with overall biomass index (3.6
kg/kmē) and density index (67 N/kmē). The indices that were calculated for the Medits98 were a little higher (3.9
kg/kmē) than those found during this year. The maximum length of individuals
was 35 cm and the minimum 6 cm. Females were the 37.92%, male ones
were the 50.13% while the rest 11.95% were immature.
Lophius budegassa
The
total biomass index for this species this year was 18.4 kg/kmē presenting a
small decline with respect to those of last year (19.2 kg/kmē). It was present
at all zones with the highest biomass index (31.4 kg/kmē) and density index
(143 N/kmē) found at the zone of 10-200 m. The maximum length of
individuals was 64 cm whereas the minimum 6 cm. Male individuals were
the 28.73% of the total catches, females were the 25.07%, while the rest 46.2%
were undetermined.
Lophius piscatorius
It was
distributed at depths from 50-500 m, with a total biomass index of 11.6
kg/kmē, almost the double than the previous survey. The highest biomass (22.4
kg/kmē) and density index (2 N/kmē) were found at the slope (200-800 m).
The highest biomass index found on Medits98
at the same zone was 11.5 kg/kmē and the total biomass index was 6 kg/kmē. The
maximum length of individuals was 111 cm whereas the minimum 13 cm.
Merluccius merluccius
It was
the most widespread species found during Medits99
as it was present in 53 from 62 hauls at all depths. It was the second most
abundant in weight and the fifth most abundant in number of all 36 target
species. The overall biomass index (56.6 kg/kmē) observed was higher compared
to that of previous year (44.6 kg/kmē) and of Medits97
(54.4 kg/kmē). The highest value of biomass index (71.2 kg/kmē) and density
index (1686 N/kmē) were obtained at the zone of 10-200 m. A significant
proportion of the specimens fished this year (73.5%) was up to 25 cm in
length. The length distribution shows two cohorts, the first one of small
fishes with a modal length at 13-14 cm and the second cohort of adults
with a modal length at 25-26 cm, respectively. The biggest individual was
of 73 cm whereas the minimum length found was 6 cm. Male individuals were
the 30.42% of the total, female individuals were the 35%, while the rest 34.59%
were immature.
Micromesistius poutassou
It was
the most abundant in weight and in number of all 36 target species. During this
year the biomass index and density index were respectively 74.3 kg/kmē and 4488
N/kmē. It was present at depths between 100-800 m, with the highest
biomass index (107.5 kg/kmē) and density index (8407 N/kmē) at the zone of
10-200 m. Comparing the present results to those of the previous year
(13.3 kg/kmē total biomass index and 195 N/kmē density index), we note an
important increase in both indices of this species. Due to the migratory
behaviour of the species it is probably the presence of big shoals in the hauls
that greatly increased the abundance this year. The maximum length of
individuals was 38 cm and the minimum 9 cm. Male individuals were the
21.84% of the total number, females were the 22.53%, while the 55.63% were
immature.
Mullus barbatus
This
species was abundant at depths less than 100 m, while it was present until
the depth of 500 m. The total biomass index was 11.2 kg/kmē and the
density index was 350 N/kmē. In this species we observe a significant decrease
in both indices, in respect to the ones of last year (18.1 kg/kmē and 642
N/kmē). The higher values were obtained at depths from 10 to 200 m (22.9
kg/kmē) and (718 N/kmē) respectively. Size of individuals ranged from 10 to
25 cm, while the 50.36% of them were males, the 42.96% females, and the
6.68% immature individuals.
Mullus surmuletus
This
species was found generally in very low quantities at depths from
100-500 m and was more frequent until 200 m. The total biomass index
was 0.5 kg/kmē and density indices 9 N/kmē. Last year this species was more
abundant, having a biomass index of 2.6 kg/kmē. Size of individuals ranged from
14 to 21 cm, while 58.33% of them were males and 41.67% females.
Pagellus acarne
The
overall biomass index of this fish (0.2 kg/kmē) presented a decrease with
regard to the survey of 98 (0.8 kg/kmē). It was mainly found at swallow waters
10-50 m (1.4 kg/kmē) and it was absent at depths greater than 100 m.
Lengths of individuals ranged from 11 to 16 cm. The 66.67% of them were
males, the 26.67% females, and the 6.67% immature ones.
Pagellus bogaraveo
It was
also found in low quantities (overall biomass 6.5 kg/kmē and density indices 95
N/kmē respectively) in depths from 50 to 800 m, with the maximum
occurrence (12.5 kg/kmē) at the slope. These values are higher in regard to
these of Medits98 (overall
biomass 4.2 kg/kmē). Size of individuals ranged from 13 to 31 cm. The
30.61% were males, the 20.41% females, and the 48.98% immature.
Pagellus erythrinus
It
appeared at depths from 10-200 m, with higher biomass index (13.4 kg/kmē)
found in same zone and total biomass index of 6.5 kg/kmē. The values of this
year are lower than the ones of Medits98
(biomass index 14.5 kg/kmē in the zone 10-200 m and total biomass index
7.0 kg/kmē). Size of individuals ranged from 12 to 27 cm. The 29.41% of
them were males and the 70.59% females.
Phycis blennoides
It was
present at all depths except in the stratum 10-50 m, with total biomass
index of 4.3 kg/kmē. This species was presented in low quantities at swallow
waters (<100 m), while it was abundant in the slope (7.5 kg/kmē).
During Medits98, the biomass
index at depths of 200-800 m was higher than this year (14.8 kg/kmē). Size
of individuals ranged from 2 to 46 cm and the 68% of the individuals were
up to 12 cm in length. The 6.06% of them were males, 12.28% females and 81.66%
were immature.
Raja clavata
It was
the forth most abundant species in weight among the 36 target species at the
region of the Northern Aegean Sea. A small decrease at the overall biomass
index value (26.7 kg/kmē) of this species was noted, compared to these of Medits98 (27.5 kg/kmē). Present at all
depths except the zone 10-50 m, but generally more abundant at the
continental shelf where it shows the highest biomass index (32.9 kg/kmē). Size
of individuals ranged from 16 to 82 cm, with 58.28% females and 41.72%
males.
Scyliorhinus canicula
This
species was found in 35 hauls in N. Aegean Sea at depths from 10-500 m.
However it was mainly fished at depths from 50-200 m with a total biomass
index of 19.4 kg/kmē and density indices of 186 N/kmē. The size of individuals
ranged from 11 to 68 cm, with 48.8% females, 49.5% males, and the 1.7% not
determined.
Solea vulgaris
It was
present only in swallow waters at depths ranging from 10-100 m. It has
shown an extremely low total biomass index (0.9 kg/kmē) a little higher than
the values obtained in Medits98
(0.6 kg/kmē). Even in the zone of 10-200 m, the biomass (1.9 kg/kmē) and
density indices (11 N/kmē) were low. Specimen lengths ranged from 7 to
33 cm, with 61.54% females, 15.38% males, and the 23.08 immature.
Spicara flexuosa
It was
present at depths less than 200 m. The total biomass index (15.3 kg/kmē)
shows a stability in the abundance compared to that of 1998 (13.5 kg/kmē) and
1997 (14.3 kg/kmē). The highest biomass and density were observed at depths
from 10 to 50 m (95.1 kg/kmē and 3152 N/kmē respectively). Size of
individuals ranged from 8 to 19 cm, the 36.71% of them were males, the
60.81% females, and 1.1% immature ones.
Trachurus mediterraneus
The
total biomass and abundance indices for this species were 5.9 kg/kmē and 153
N/kmē respectively, lower than the values of last year survey (10.3 kg/kmē and
258 N/kmē). It was present at depths 10 to 500 m while the highest density
index (315 N/kmē) and biomass index (12.1 kg/kmē) occurred at the continental shelf.
The differences found between the years in the abundance can be attributed at
the migratory behaviour and the distribution pattern of the species. Sizes
ranged between 7 and 24 cm. The 32.30% were males, the 56.01% were
females, and the 11.68% were immature individuals.
Trachurus trachurus
It was
present at depths until 500 m and it was the forth most abundant in number
of individuals of the 36 target species in the region of Northern Aegean Sea
(1161 N/kmē). The abundance of the species (9.8 kg/kmē) presented an important
decrease with respect to the results of Medits98
(20.7 kg/kmē). It was mainly present in the zone 50-100 m, where the
highest density (5918 N/kmē) and biomass indices (43.3 kg/kmē) were found.
This is
due to the fact that the majority of the catches were young fishes (min
5 cm). There is one modal length class at 10-11 cm. The biggest
individual was 48 cm, and the sex ratio was 5.21% males, 2.0% females, and
92.79% immature.
Trigloporus lastoviza
It was
present only in swallow waters at depths ranging from 10-200 m. It has
shown an extremely low total biomass (0.5 kg/kmē) and density indices (21
N/kmē). The highest biomass index (3.5 kg/kmē) and density index (128 N/kmē)
were recorded at the zone of 10-50 m.
Trisopterus minutus capelanus
The
third most abundant in number (1595 N/kmē) of the 36 target species. It was
present at depths from 10 to 500 m and the total biomass index was 18.4
kg/kmē, double than last year (9.7 kg/kmē). It was principally present at
depths from 10 to 200 m. where the maximum biomass index was observed
(37.7 kg/kmē). In the same zone it has the highest density index (3260 N/kmē).
On Medits98 we found the same
pattern but lower biomass indices (19.8 kg/kmē) in the depth zone of
10-200 m.
A clear
predominance of young fishes was also noted for this species, as the 96% of the
individuals was up to 13 cm in length. This year, there is one modal
length class at 11 cm. The lengths ranged from 5 to 20 cm, from which
the 9.34% were males, the 11.74% were females, and the 78.91% were immature.
Zeus faber
This
species was found in all depths until 500 m, although it was more abundant
from 100 to 200 m. The highest biomass index (13.3 kg/kmē) was obtained in
the zone of 10-200 m, while the total biomass index was 6.6 kg/kmē. Similar
pattern and a little higher index were also found during the cruise of 98
(total biomass index 6.9 kg/kmē). The maximum length of individuals was
50 cm and the minimum 8 cm. Female individuals were 50.0% of the
total number, male were 30.77%, while 19.23% were immature.
Engraulis encrasicolus
Non-targeted
species. It was the third most abundant in weight (71.1 kg/kmē) and the second
in number (8741 N/kmē) of all species fished during Medits99 in Northern Aegean Sea. This species was found in
depths between 10-200 m while it was absent at deeper waters. The pattern
of distribution of the species showed a small abundance in the stratum
10-50 m (34.1 kg/kmē), a maximum occurrence between 50 and100 m
(451.4 kg/kmē). Its abundance decreased in the stratum 100-200 m (45.5
kg/kmē). In the super-stratum 10-200 m, the observed biomass and density
indices were respectively 147 kg/kmē and 18077 N/kmē, lower than the
corresponding values of Medits98.
Lengths ranged from 6 to 16 cm, with 46.64% being males, 38.09% females,
and 15.27% immature.
It was
caught at only 24 out of 62 hauls, mainly in the Thermaikos gulf (8 hauls)
while last year we had fished anchovy in 22 hauls.
Sardina pilchardus
No-target
species. It was the most abundant in weight (154.3 kg/kmē) and in numbers
(12742 N/kmē) of all species fished in Northern Aegean Sea. It was found at 22
out of 62 hauls during the Medits99
in our area. Last year sardine was fished in 27 hauls. It was mainly fished in
the depth zone of 10-200 m where exhibits the higher biomass index (319.1
kg/kmē) and density index (26351 N/kmē). The higher abundance was found at the
stratum 10-50 m (124.1 kg/kmē), showing a continuous decrease with depth
increasing.
Comparing
these data with the data of Medits98
we find a different distribution pattern and a remarkable increase in the
abundance of the species (total biomass index of 98: 37.3 kg/kmē). The minimum
length of individuals was 6 cm, whereas the maximum 20 cm. The 31.55%
of the individuals were found to be females, the 29.96% males, and the 38.49%
immature.
Aristeus antennatus
Not
found at all in our region during the cruises of Medits 96, 97, 98, and 99.
Aristaeomorpha foliacea
This
species was found only in the zone of 500-800 m in two hauls (8 individuals
in haul 28 and 1 specimen in haul 25) in extremely low total biomass (0.1
kg/kmē) and total density indices (3 N/kmē). During the cruise of Medits98 the total biomass index
observed was similar (0.1 kg/kmē). The size range was 27-51 mm of carapace
length. The 66.67% of the individuals were found to be females and 33.33% males
Nephrops norvegicus
Low
biomass index (0.5 kg/kmē) in shallow waters (10-200 m) and higher values
(9.5 kg/kmē) in the zone of 200-800 m were observed for this species. The
total biomass index was 5.2 kg/kmē. A similar pattern was also found in the 98
survey. The size range was 18-73 mm of carapace length. The 40.0% of the
individuals were found to be females and 54.67% males, while 5.33% were
undetermined individuals.
Parapenaeus longirostris
It was
the second most abundant in number (3706 N/kmē) and the fifth most abundant in
weight (20.7 kg/kmē) of all target species in the Northern Aegean Sea. This
species had presented the same characteristics with lower biomass indices (16.6
kg/kmē) and density indices (2242 N/kmē) in Medits98
survey. It was generally fished in all depths, although the maximum of its
biomass was observed in the zone of 200-500 m. The minimum carapace length
of individuals was 7 mm, whereas the maximum 40 mm. The 53.1% of the
individuals were found to be females and the 45.1% males. In some specimens
(1.8%) sex was not identified due to the bad situation of the shrimps.
Eledone cirrhosa
It was
the second most abundant in weight (9.3 kg/kmē) of the 6 target cephalopods
species of the Northern Aegean Sea. It was generally present at all depths
except the zone of 10-50 m and 500-800 m. The highest biomass index
(10 kg/kmē) was obtained in the stratum of 10-200 m. The total biomass
index level of this species decreased from 10.9 kg/kmē in 1998 to 9.3 kg/kmē
this year. The minimum length of individuals was 2 cm, whereas the maximum
16 cm. The 44.1% of the individuals were found to be females, the 46.08%
males, and the 9.8% immature.
Eledone moschata
Present
at depths of 10-500 m and absent at greater depths. It has shown
relatively low total biomass index (5.5 kg/kmē), while in the zone of
10-50 m the biomass index takes its higher value (37.9 kg/kmē). Comparing
with Medits98 results (6.6
kg/kmē) we noticed a decrease in total biomass index. The minimum length of
individuals was 3 cm, whereas the maximum 15 cm. The 25.58% of the
individuals were found to be females, the 38.37% males, and the 36.05%
immature.
Illex coindetii
It was
the third most abundant in weight of all target species and the most abundant
from the 6 target cephalopods species of the Northern Aegean Sea, having a
total biomass index (37.2 kg/kmē). The density index of the species was 421
N/kmē. A significant increase was observed with respect to the total biomass
index found on Medits98 (11.2
kg/kmē). This species was fished at all depths, however it was more abundant in
the stratum of 200-500 m. The highest biomass index (50.1 kg/kmē) was
obtained in the zone of 200-800 m, significantly higher than last year
(15.8 kg/kmē). Size ranged from 3 to 39 cm, with the 37.12% female
individuals, the 51.44% males, and the 11.44% immature ones.
Loligo vulgaris
This
species was poorly caught in our region. This year it was present mainly at
depths from 10 to 100 m, same as last year survey. The biomass index is
low (0.1 kg/kmē) and identical to the corresponding of Medits98 (0.1 kg/kmē). Lengths ranged from 4 to 18 cm.
The 12.5% of the individuals were male and 87.5% immature, while we didnt
found females.
Octopus vulgaris
In the Medits99 survey this species presents
a small decline in the overall biomass index (5.8 kg/kmē) with respect to 98
data (8.7 kg/kmē). It was found down to 500 m with the higher abundance
observed in shallow waters between 10 and 50 m (24.1 kg/kmē). Minimum
length was found to be 5 cm and maximum 15 cm. The 72.22% were female
individuals, and the 27.78% males.
Sepia officinalis
It was
fished only in the depth zone of 50-100 m, where its biomass index is
relatively low (2 individuals fished during the whole survey). The total
biomass index was 0.1 kg/kmē. A minor decrease was observed with respect to the
total biomass index of last year (0.5 kg/kmē). Lengths ranged from 10 to
13 cm.
It is
the stratum with the greater density and biomass indices. In this depth zone,
19 out of 36 target species were found. Among the crustaceans, only P. longirostris appeared. All target
species of cephalopods - except E.
moschata - were present.
The most
abundant species in total weight were Merluccius
merluccius (101 kg/kmē), Spicara
flexuosa (95.1 kg/kmē), Citharus
linguatula (51.3 kg/kmē), Scorpaena
notata (48.4 kg/kmē), and Pagellus
erythrinus (48.1 kg/kmē). Finally, high density indices of Spicara flexuosa (3152 N/kmē), Merluccius merluccius (2719 N/kmē), Trisopterus minutus capelanus (1785
N/kmē), Trachurus trachurus (1617
N/kmē), and Citharus linguatula (1219
N/kmē) were also observed.
In this
stratum we found this year 29 out of 36 target species. From the four
crustaceans target species P.
longirostris and N. norvegicus
were present, while from the six target species of cephalopods E. cirrhosa, E. moschata, I. coindetii,
O. vulgaris, and S. officinalis were present.
In total
weight, the most abundant species were Merluccius
merluccius (68.5 kg/kmē), Lophius
budegassa (57.6 kg/kmē), Scyliorhinus
canicula (56.6 kg/kmē), Raja clavata
(47.9 kg/kmē), and Trisopterus minutus
capelanus (44.2 kg/kmē). The most abundant species in terms of total
density were Trachurus trachurus
(5918 N/kmē), Trisopterus minutus
capelanus (3871 N/kmē), Parapenaeus
longirostris (3453 N/kmē), Merluccius
merluccius (1736 N/kmē), and Citharus
linguatula (875 N/kmē).
This
depth zone is the richest in terms of species composition as it contains the
highest proportion of the target species (27 out of 36). From the crustaceans
two species (N. norvegicus and P. longirostris) appeared. From the six
target species of cephalopods, E.
cirrhosa, E. moschata, I. coindetii and O. vulgaris were present.
The
species with the higher biomass indices were Micromesistius poutassou (223.9 kg/kmē), Merluccius merluccius (56.5 kg/kmē), Raja clavata (42.9 kg/kmē), Trisopterus
minutus capelanus (37.6 kg/kmē) and Parapenaeus
longirostris (31.5 kg/kmē). The species with the higher density indices
were Micromesistius poutassou (17510
N/kmē), Parapenaeus longirostris
(6290 N/kmē), Trisopterus minutus
capelanus (3738 N/kmē), Merluccius
merluccius (1096 N/kmē), and Trachurus
trachurus (918 N/kmē).
In this
stratum we found 25 out of 36 target species. Among the crustaceans, two
species were present again, with the highest of their biomass indices, N. norvegicus and P. longirostris. From the target species of cephalopods were
present E. cirrhosa, and I. coindetii.
The
species with the higher biomass indices were Illex coindetii (87.7 kg/kmē), Micromesistius
poutassou (73.6 kg/kmē), Merluccius
merluccius (73.1 kg/kmē), Lophius
piscatorius (39.8 kg/kmē) and Parapenaeus
longirostris (37.8 kg/kmē). The species with the higher density indices
were Parapenaeus longirostris (6126
N/kmē), Micromesistius poutassou
(1440 N/kmē), Illex coindetii (723
N/kmē), Merluccius merluccius (446
N/kmē), and Pagellus bogaraveo (312
N/kmē).
In this
stratum only 13 of the target species were found including three species of
crustaceans (A. foliacea, N. norvegicus, and P. longirostris), and one species of cephalopods (Illex coindetii).
Helicolenus dactylopterus (10.8 kg/kmē) was the most abundant
species in this depth zone, whereas Nephrops
norvegicus (9.4 kg/kmē), Phycis
blennoides (4.3 kg/kmē), Micromesistius
poutassou (4.2 kg/kmē) and Merluccius
merluccius (4.0 kg/kmē) were also abundant. Finally, the highest density index
was observed for Parapenaeus longirostris
(142 N/kmē), Nephrops norvegicus (120
N/kmē), Phycis blennoides (74 N/kmē),
Helicolenus dactylopterus (49 N/kmē),
and Micromesistius poutassou (22
N/kmē).
The
global analysis of the data for the Northern Aegean Sea, irrespectively of
depth zones, shows that, in weight, the most abundant fish target species were
the following: M. poutassou (74.3
kg/kmē), M. merluccius (56.6 kg/kmē),
R. clavata (26.7 kg/kmē), L. budegassa (18.4 kg/kmē), and T. minutus capelanus (18.4 kg/kmē).
Furthermore, the most abundant fish target species in number were: M. poutassou (4488 N/kmē), T. minutus capelanus (1595 N/kmē), T. trachurus (1161 N/kmē), M. merluccius (947 N/kmē), and S. flexuosa (3706 N/kmē).
The most
abundant crustacean target species in weight and number were P. longirostris (20.7 kg/kmē and 3706
N/kmē), and N. norvegicus (5.2 kg/kmē
and 108 N/kmē).
From the
six cephalopods species, I. coindetii
(37.2 kg/kmē and 421 N/kmē), and E.
cirrhosa (9.3 kg/kmē and 54 N/kmē) were found to be the most abundant.
A
general decrease in abundance compared to the results of Medits98 was recorded this year. From
the 36 target species, 15 species of fish, crustaceans and cephalopods present
lower biomass indices this year while 14 species show an increase in their
biomass indices with respect to the indices of last year. Two species (Loligo vulgaris and Aristaeomorpha foliacea) present stability in their biomass indices
and one species (Aristeus antennatus)
was not found, as last year.
The most
significant differences have been noticed in M. poutassou (13.3 kg/kmē; 74.3 kg/kmē), I. coindetii (11.2 kg/kmē; 37.2 kg/kmē), M. merluccius (44.6 kg/kmē; 56.5 kg/kmē), T. minutus capelanus (9.7 kg/kmē; 18.4 kg/kmē), L. piscatorius (5.9 kg/kmē; 11.6 kg/kmē), M. barbatus (18.1 kg/kmē; 11.2
kg/kmē), and T. trachurus (20.7
kg/kmē; 9.8 kg/kmē) in Medits98
and in Medits99 respectively.